Henrietta Lacks, née Loretta Pleasant, (미국 버지니아 주 로어 노크, 1920 년 8 월 1 일 ~ 1951 년 10 월 4 일 메릴랜드 주 볼티모어 사망) 미국 여성, 자궁 경부암 세포가 HeLa 세포주의 원천 인 미국 여성 수많은 중요한 과학 발전에.
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유명한 미국인 얼굴: 사실 또는 허구?
Clarence Darrow는 유명한 19 세기 검사였습니다.
그녀의 어머니가 1924 년 출산으로 사망 한 후, 그녀의 아버지는 10 명의 자녀와 함께 버지니아 주 클로버 (Clover)로 이사하여 친척들 사이에서 양육하도록하였습니다. 헨리에타 (Henrietta)는 또 다른 손자 인 헨리에타 (Henrietta)의 사촌 데이비드 (David)를 돌보는 할아버지가 자랐습니다. Henrietta와 Day는 1941 년 4 월 10 일에 결혼했습니다. 사촌이 격려 한 Day는 곧 베들레헴 철강의 Sparrows Point 제철소에서 일하기 위해 메릴랜드로 북쪽으로 옮겼습니다. 그 후 곧 Henrietta와 그 부부의 아이들은 많은 아프리카 계 미국인 철강 노동자들이 살았던 볼티모어 외곽 지역 인 Maryland Turner Station에서 Day에 합류했습니다.
Before her fifth pregnancy, Henrietta had sensed a “knot” inside her, and worrisome bleeding and evidence of a lump on her cervix several months after giving birth finally sent Henrietta to her doctor. She was referred to the gynecology department at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, where in February 1951 a biopsy indicated the presence of a cervical tumour that had been undetected by doctors both at the birth of her son on September 19, 1950, and at a follow-up examination six weeks later.
After further tests, Henrietta received the first of several radium treatments, the standard of care for the day, which involved stitching small glass tubes of the radioactive metal secured in fabric pouches—called Brack plaques—to the cervix. While performing the procedure, the surgeon extracted two small tissue samples: one from Henrietta’s tumour and one from healthy cervical tissue close by. The samples from Henrietta’s cervix were among many extracted for physician George Gey, the head of tissue culture research at Johns Hopkins, who was searching for an “immortal” cell line for use in cancer research. Unlike previous samples, Henrietta’s cancerous cells—called HeLa, from Henrietta Lacks—not only survived but also multiplied at an extraordinary rate. Henrietta herself was unaware that any sample had been taken; at that time it was not uncommon to study patients and their tissues without their knowledge or consent (see Tuskegee syphilis study).
While her cells thrived, Henrietta declined. By September the cancer had spread throughout her body, and early the following month Henrietta died. However, the HeLa cells, famed for their longevity,continued to thrive in culture long after Henrietta’s death. HeLa became a ubiquitous study material, contributing to the development of drugs for numerous ailments, including polio, Parkinson disease, and leukemia. In spite of this, until the 1970s Henrietta’s role was unknown even to her family. In the 21st century Henrietta’s case was an important component in the debate surrounding informed consent from patients for the extraction and use of cells in research. In 2013 the National Institutes of Health (NIH) granted the Lacks family control over how data on the HeLa cell genome would be used (the genome of a HeLa cell line had been sequenced in full earlier that year). Two members of the Lacks family formed part of the NIH’s HeLa Genome Data Access working group, which reviewed researchers’ applications for access to the HeLa sequence information.
