건지, 영국 왕관 의존 및 섬, 채널 제도의 두 번째로 큰 섬. 프랑스 노르망디에서 서쪽으로 48 마일 (30km) 정도이며 삼각형 모양입니다. Alderney, Sark, Herm, Jethou 및 관련 섬을 통해 건지의 Bailiwick을 형성합니다. 수도는 세인트 피터 포트입니다.
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이름에 모두 있습니다
알바니아 사람들은 그들의 나라를 무엇이라고 부릅니까?
남쪽에서는 건지가 고르지 않은 해안 절벽으로 약 300 피트 (90 미터)까지 고원에서 솟아 있습니다. 그것은 계단으로 내려 가고 주로 절개가 깊은 계곡에서 북쪽으로 흐르는 개울에 의해 배수됩니다. 북부 건지 섬은 저지대이지만 저항하는 암석의 작은 노두는 언덕 (hougues)을 형성합니다. 낮은 땅의 흙은 모래가 날리고 해변이 쌓여 있으며 오래된 석호가 가득합니다. 기후는 해상입니다. 눈과 심한 서리는 드물며 연간 온도 범위는 약 9 ° C입니다. 연간 강우량은 750–900 mm (30-35 인치)입니다. 다소 부족한 물 공급은 해수 증류로 보충됩니다.
The island was known as Sarnia to the Romans. Early documents (11th century) show that the chief landowners were the lords of Saint-Sauveur (hereditary vicomtes of the Cotentin), the vicomtes of the Bessin, the abbey of Le Mont-Saint-Michel, and the duke of Normandy.
After separation from Normandy in 1204, the Channel Islands were put in the charge of a warden and sometimes granted to a lord. From the end of the 15th century, however, Guernsey (with Alderney and Sark) was put under a captain, later governor, an office abolished in 1835. The duties devolved upon a lieutenant governor. Because the warden could not conduct sessions of the king’s courts regularly on all four of the main Channel Islands, his judicial responsibilities on Guernsey fell to a bailiff. This bailiff came to preside over the Royal Court of Guernsey, in which judgment was given and the law declared by 12 jurats (or permanent jurors). The Royal Court has survived substantially in this medieval form, administering the law of Guernsey founded on the custom of Normandy and local usage.
From the bailiffs’ practice of referring difficult points of law to local notables, Guernsey’s deliberative and legislative assembly, the States of Deliberation, ultimately grew. In the 19th century the States of Deliberation emerged as a legislative assembly administering the island through executive committees. The assembly is presided over by the bailiff of Guernsey. The lieutenant governor is the personal representative of the British sovereign. Governmental and judicial proceedings on Guernsey are conducted in English, the principal language for most of the island’s inhabitants, though a small number of residents speak a version of Norman French known as Guernésiais, or Guernsey French, as their first language.
Guernsey was never dominated by any one great landowning family, and the early growth of commerce in St. Peter Port, with later smuggling and privateering and 19th-century industrial development, weakened what remained of the feudal landlords’ power. During World War II many of Guernsey’s inhabitants were evacuated to England before the Germans occupied the island (July 1940–May 1945)
The population is mainly of Norman descent with an admixture of Breton. St. Peter Port and St. Sampson are the main towns. Dairy farming with the famous Guernsey breed of cattle is largely confined to the high land in the south. Market gardening is concentrated chiefly in the north, where greenhouses produce tomatoes, flowers, and grapes, mostly exported to England.
Tourism became an important part of Guernsey’s economy in the 20th century. The house in St. Peter Port in which the French author Victor Hugo resided from 1855 to 1870 is now a museum. The island relies increasingly on airline services and is served by an airport at La Villaize. There are shipping links with Jersey, Alderney, and Sark; London and Weymouth, England; and Saint-Malo, France Area Guernsey, 24 square miles (62 square km); Bailiwick of Guernsey, 30 square miles (78 square km). Pop. (2001) Guernsey, 59,710; Bailiwick of Guernsey, 62,692.
