신시내티 레즈 아메리칸 야구 팀

신시내티 레즈, 오하이오 신시내티에 본사를 둔 미국 프로 야구 프랜차이즈. 레즈는 내셔널 리그 (NL)에서 뛰고 1882 년에 설립되었습니다. 그들은 5 개의 월드 시리즈 타이틀 (1919, 1940, 1975, 1976, 1990)과 9 개의 NL 페넌트에서 우승했습니다.

퀴즈

세계기구: 사실 또는 허구?

북대서양 조약기구는 중세부터 시작되었습니다.

신시내티 (Cincinnati)시는 1869 년에 게임을 시작했으며 아마추어 클럽과의 첫 81 경기에서 무패를 기록한 최초의 진정한 프로 야구 팀 인 레드 스타킹 (Red Stockings)을 주최한다고 주장합니다. 같은 이름의 다른 신시내티 기반 팀은 1876 년 NL의 창립 멤버 중 하나 였지만,이 팀은 일요일에 게임을하고 야구장에서 술을 허용하기 위해 1880 년 리그에서 추방되었습니다. 금지 된 NL 팀원 몇 명을 포함하는 Red Stockings 클럽이 초기 미국 협회 (AA)에 가입 한 해인 1882 년은 메이저 리그 야구에 의해 현재 프랜차이즈의 첫 해로 공식 인정 된 반면, 대부분의 신 시언 사람들은 그럼에도 불구하고 가장 오래된 레드를 가장 오래된 것으로 간주합니다 야구에 대한 프랜차이즈 및 Reds 조직 자체는 팀 역사에서 이러한 초기 클럽을 포함합니다.

The Red Stockings finished atop the AA in their first season and posted winning records in most of their eight years in the league. The team moved back to the NL in 1890, which was the same year it shortened its nickname to “Reds.” Cincinnati fielded a number of mediocre teams through the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th, never finishing higher than third place in the NL until 1919. The 1919 squad won 96 games behind outfielder Edd Roush and pitcher Dolf Luque on its way to the franchise’s first World Series berth. The Reds won the World Series five games to three over the Chicago White Sox, but their championship was tarnished when eight of Chicago’s players were accused of having taken bribes to throw the series (see Black Sox Scandal). Cincinnati’s success was short-lived, however, and in the mid-1920s the team returned to the bottom of the NL for a long stretch, including four straight last-place finishes from 1931 to 1934.

In 1938 the Reds’ young star pitcher Johnny Vander Meer became the only player in baseball history to throw no-hitters in consecutive starts. Vander Meer was a part of a nucleus of players that also included future Hall of Fame catcher Ernie Lombardi and that led the Reds to NL pennants in 1939 and 1940, as well as a World Series win in the latter season. By the middle of the decade, the Reds again found themselves routinely finishing in the bottom half of the NL.

Fearing association with communism at the height of the Red Scare in the United States, the team officially changed its nickname to “Redlegs” from 1954 to 1959. During this period one of the Reds’ few bright spots was Ted (“Big Klu”) Kluszewski, a power-hitting first baseman who famously cut the sleeves off his uniform to free his huge biceps. In 1956 Cincinnati called up outfielder Frank Robinson from the minor leagues, and he quickly became one of the biggest stars in the game. Robinson led the Reds to a pennant in 1961 (which was followed by a loss to the New York Yankees in the World Series), but in 1965 he was traded to the Baltimore Orioles for three players of relatively little consequence in what is considered by many observers to be one of the worst trades in the history of the game.

Baseball in the 1970s was dominated by Cincinnati teams known as the “Big Red Machine,” which had left behind Crosley Field, with its distinctive left field terrace, for a new home, Riverfront Stadium. Boasting a regular lineup that featured three future Hall of Famers (catcher Johnny Bench, second baseman Joe Morgan, and first baseman Tony Pérez) as well as all-time major league hits leader Pete Rose, the Big Red Machine—under the guidance of manager Sparky Anderson—won five division titles in the first seven years of the decade. The Machine’s first two trips to the World Series ended in disappointment, however, as it lost to Robinson’s Orioles in 1970 and the Oakland Athletics in 1972, which was followed by a surprising loss to the underdog New York Mets in the 1973 NL Championship Series. The years of frustration ended in 1975, when the Reds won a remarkable 108 games and beat the Boston Red Sox for the franchise’s first World Series title in 35 years. While the 1976 Reds won six fewer games than their 1975 counterparts, they led major league baseball in all the major offensive statistical categories and swept both teams they faced in the postseason en route to a second consecutive championship, leading a number of baseball historians to claim that they were the second greatest team ever, after the famed 1927 Yankees.

The Reds closed out the 1970s with two second-place divisional finishes and an NL Championship Series loss in 1979, but they missed out on the postseason in each season of the following decade. The team’s most notable event of the 1980s was the 1989 lifetime ban from baseball of then manager Rose for gambling on the sport.

In 1990 the Reds surprisingly rebounded from their turbulent 1989 by winning their division after having never fallen out of first place for the entire season, the first time the feat had occurred in NL history. Behind first-year manager Lou Piniella, all-star shortstop Barry Larkin, and a motley crew of relief pitchers known as the “Nasty Boys,” the Reds swept Oakland to win the franchise’s fifth World Series.

Cincinnati fielded a few competitive teams through 1999, but the Reds of the first decade of the 21st century finished most of their seasons with losing records. In 2003 the Reds got a new home, the Great American Ball Park.

In 2010 the Reds ended a 15-year play-off drought—and surprised most baseball observers—by winning a divisional title after having placed no higher than third in their division in the previous nine seasons. Cincinnati bested that achievement in 2012 by winning 97 games (the team’s highest win total since the days of the Big Red Machine) and captured another NL Central championship. The Reds were then eliminated in the Division Series, and, the following year, the team won 90 games but lost in a one-game Wild Card play-off. Cincinnati could not continue its unexpected success, and the team returned to the lower echelons of the NL the following season.