지속 가능성

지속 가능성, 커뮤니티, 사회 기관 또는 사회적 실천의 장기적인 생존 가능성. 일반적으로 지속 가능성은 현재의 사람들이 취한 환경 및 경제 행동이 미래의 사람들이 비슷한 수준의 부, 유틸리티 또는 복지를 누릴 수있는 기회를 감소시키지 않는 세대 간 윤리의 한 형태로 이해됩니다.

탐색

지구의 할 일 목록

인간의 행동은 자연계와 인간계의 지속적인 번영 능력을 위협하는 방대한 환경 문제를 일으켰습니다. 지구 온난화, 물 부족, 오염 및 생물 다양성 손실의 주요 환경 문제를 해결하는 것은 아마도 21 세기의 가장 큰 도전 일 것입니다. 우리는 그들을 만나기 위해 올라갈 것인가?

자원 사용, 성장 및 소비 패턴이 생태계의 무결성과 미래 세대의 복지를 위협하는 현대 사회의 지속 불가능한 성격을 비난하는 현대 환경 운동으로 지속 가능성에 대한 아이디어가 두드러졌습니다. 지속 가능성은 단기, 근시 및 낭비적인 행동에 대한 대안으로 제시됩니다. 그것은 기존의 제도를 판단하는 기준이되고 사회가 움직일 목표로 삼을 수있다. 지속 가능성은 또한 기존의 사회 조직 모드에 대한 조사를 통해 파괴적인 관행을 장려하는 정도를 결정하고보다 지속 가능한 활동의 ​​발전을 촉진하기 위해 현 상태를 변화시키는 의식적인 노력을 결정합니다.

지속 가능성의 형태

Sustainability is at the core of concepts such as sustainable yield, sustainable society, and sustainable development. The term sustainable yield refers to the harvest of a specific (self-renewing) natural resource—for example, timber or fish. Such a yield is one that can in principle be maintained indefinitely because it can be supported by the regenerative capacities of the underlying natural system. A sustainable society is one that has learned to live within the boundaries established by ecological limits. It can be maintained as a collective and ongoing entity because practices that imposed excessive burdens upon the environment have been reformed or abolished. Sustainable development is a process of social advancement that accommodates the needs of current and future generations and that successfully integrates economic, social, and environmental considerations in decision making.

In contemporary debate, sustainability often serves as a synonym for sustainable development. On other occasions, it is associated more exclusively with environmental constraints or environmental performance, and the expression environmental sustainability is used to emphasize that point. Parallel references can be found to the terms social sustainability, economic sustainability, and cultural sustainability, which allude to threats to long-term well-being in each of those domains. Local sustainability emphasizes the importance of place. Corporate sustainability is another common usage, which relates both to the survivability of the individual corporation and to the contribution that corporations can make to the broader sustainability agenda. Central here is the notion of the so-called triple bottom line—that businesses should pay attention to social performance and environmental performance as well as to financial returns. The notion of corporate sustainability is also connected to debates about reforming corporate governance, encouraging corporate responsibility, and designing alternative (sustainable, green, or ethical) investment vehicles.

How to create a sustainable future

While numerous practices are cited as threats to sustainability, such as political corruption, social inequality, the arms race, and profligate government expenditures, environmental issues remain at the heart of the discussion. Of course, what is conducive to environmental sustainability remains a matter of intense debate. Approaches range from a moderate “greening” of current social institutions to a radical transformation of the global political and economic order. A gradual adjustment toward sustainability relies on governmental initiatives to orient production and consumption into less environmentally destructive channels. That implies a reengineering of industrial and agricultural processes, a transformation of land-use practices, and a shift in household consumption. Potentially renewable resources should be managed to conserve their long-term viability; nonrenewable resources should be extracted at rates that allow an ordered transition to alternatives; emission of waste and toxic substances must remain within the assimilative capacities of natural systems; and more-vigorous measures must be taken to preserve species, habitats, and ecosystems. Managing long-term environmental issues such as climate change and the loss of biodiversity is of critical importance to efforts to achieve sustainability.

Governments can deploy an array of policy tools to effect such changes, including regulation, fiscal instruments, negotiated agreements, and informational tools. Yet many problems resist solution because the offending (unsustainable) practices are often linked to deeply entrenched practices and constraints and supported by established definitions of values and interests.

There are also a number of radical takes on sustainability. For some environmentalists, true sustainability is possible only in small-scale communities, where humans can live in close contact with natural processes and rhythms. According to that view, the catastrophic practices of industrial civilization must give way to a different mode of living where humans “walk lightly” on the planet, harmonizing their activities with natural cycles. While other radical environmentalists may accept a high-tech postindustrial civilization, for them too there must be a clear break with existing economic practices and power structures.

Theorizing sustainability

Discussion of sustainability within academia has ranged across many perspectives. Economic analysts have sometimes defined the concept in terms of nondeclining per capita income flows over time, or long-term economic growth, with minimal environmental impacts and debated how to maintain the capital endowments needed to sustain those income flows. Controversy over the substitutability of natural and human-made capital has divided proponents of weak and strong sustainability: the former argue that the two types of capital are largely interchangeable, whereas the latter insist that natural capital is increasingly the scarcest factor of production. In addition, ecosystem services, such as the provision of clean water or crop pollination, are often undervalued aspects of natural capital that should be incorporated into economic discussions of sustainability.

Ecologists and systems theorists have tended to approach sustainability in terms of physical interdependencies, energy flows, and population dynamics. They have emphasized the design features that suit social systems for long-term survival, including robustness, resiliency, redundancy, and adaptability. For their part, political analysts have focused on the ideological and normative implications of sustainability, on the character of green political projects, and on the public policy implications.