미국의 레이디 버드 존슨 퍼스트 레이디

레이디 버드 존슨, 니콜라 알타 테일러 (1912 년 12 월 22 일, 미국 텍사스 주 커낙, 텍사스 주 오스틴에서 2007 년 7 월 11 일 사망), 미국 영부인 (1963 ~ 69), 린든 B. 존슨의 아내, 미국의 36 대 대통령이자 환경 운동가는 미화에 중점을두고 있다고 언급했습니다.

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유명한 미국인 얼굴: 사실 또는 허구?

벤자민 프랭클린은 결코 책을 쓰지 않았습니다.

번영 사업가 토마스 제퍼슨 테일러와 미니 패틸로 테일러의 딸인 클라우디아 알타 테일러 (Claudia Alta Taylor)는 가족 간호사의 제안에 따라“레이디 버드 (Lady Bird)”라는 별명을 붙였습니다. 1918 년 어머니의 죽음 이후, 레이디 버드는 이모가 가족과 함께 살기 위해 양육했습니다. 그녀의 어린 시절은 매우 외로웠으며, 나중에 그녀는 독서에 대한 사랑과 자연의 평온에 대한 존 중심을 키운 것이 그 시절이라고 언급했습니다. 비정상적으로 밝은 그녀는 지역 학교에 다니고 15 세에 고등학교를 졸업했습니다. 나중에 그녀는 텍사스 달라스에있는 성모 마리아 주재 학교에 다니면서 글쓰기에 관심을 보였습니다.

1930 년 오스틴에있는 텍사스 대학교 (University of Texas)에서 그녀는 자신의 자동차 나 충전 계좌와 같이 다른 대부분의 학생들이 감당할 수없는 많은 사치를 누렸지 만, 나중에 그녀를 특징 짓는 매우 신중한 소비 습관을 개발했습니다 인생에서. 1933 년에 역사 학사 학위를 마친 후에도 저널리즘 학위를 받기 위해 1 년을 더 남았습니다. 이 분야에서 그녀의 훈련은 그녀가 나중에 언론과의 관계에서 사용할 기술을 개발하는 데 도움이되었습니다.

그녀는 1934 년 여름에 Lyndon Baines Johnson을 만났고 거의 즉시 제안했습니다. 그들은 1934 년 11 월 17 일 텍사스 샌 안토니오에있는 세인트 마크 성공회에서 결혼했다. 몇 차례의 유산 후 레이디 버드는 1944 년 린다 버드와 1947 년 루시 베인 두 딸을 낳았다.

In 1937 Lady Bird used $10,000 of her inheritance to support Lyndon’s first congressional campaign. After his election, she assisted constituents visiting the capital by showing them the main tourist attractions of the city. In 1941–42, while Lyndon was serving in the military (Lyndon was the first congressman to volunteer for active duty in World War II), she ran his congressional office and further developed her skills at handling his constituents.

In 1943, with more of Lady Bird’s inherited money, the Johnsons purchased a radio station in Austin, and Lady Bird took over as manager. Although it was never clear how much of her ensuing success was due to her own decisions and how much to Lyndon’s political connections or to sheer luck, her interest and expertise were genuine, and she continued to be active in managerial decisions long after the station became profitable.

As her husband’s political career advanced and he became a powerful figure in Washington, D.C., Lady Bird participated in his campaigns but shied away from giving speeches, preferring to shake hands and write letters instead. After taking a course in public speaking in 1959, however, she became an excellent extemporaneous speaker. In 1960, when Lyndon was nominated for vice president on the Democratic ticket with John F. Kennedy, she actively campaigned throughout the South, and Robert Kennedy later said that she had carried Texas for the Democrats.

Lady Bird used the three years of her husband’s vice presidency to hire an expert staff, including Liz Carpenter, a seasoned reporter, who served as both staff director and press secretary. Carpenter helped to portray Lady Bird in the best possible light when, after the assassination of President Kennedy in November 1963, she faced unfavourable comparisons with her stunning predecessor, Jacqueline Kennedy.

In the election of 1964, Lady Bird campaigned vigorously. Although Lyndon’s strong stand on civil rights had made him a pariah in many parts of the South, she insisted that no state be written off. From her campaign train, dubbed the “Lady Bird Special,” she rode through seven Southern states, urging voters to support her husband.

Following his election, she moved to establish her own record as first lady. She concentrated on Head Start, a program aimed at helping preschool children who were from disadvantaged backgrounds. But she became most closely identified with an environmental program, called “beautification,” that sought to encourage people to make their surroundings more attractive, whether they were wide-open spaces or crowded urban neighbourhoods. To encourage private donations, she formed the First Lady’s Committee for a More Beautiful Capital.

In an attempt to improve the appearance of the nation’s highways, she urged Congress to pass the Highway Beautification Bill, which was strenuously opposed by billboard advertisers. Her involvement in the legislation was highly unusual, and, though she received some criticism, the bill (in diluted form) passed Congress and became law in October 1965.

After Lyndon Johnson announced that he would not seek reelection in 1968, Lady Bird continued a busy round of official activities but also prepared for retirement in Texas. There she continued the interests that had long sustained her, especially her family and environmental concerns, including the National Wildflower Research Center (now the Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center). Although she occasionally made political appearances for her son-in-law, Virginia governor (and later senator) Charles Robb, she dedicated most of her time to the family business and her grandchildren.

Early in her White House tenure, she began to record her impressions in daily tape recordings. A fraction of the thousands of hours she taped became the basis of her book, A White House Diary (1970), which was one of the most complete and revealing accounts ever left by a president’s wife.

Following her husband’s death in 1973 she divided her time between the LBJ ranch and her home in Austin. She could take satisfaction in the fact that Americans typically ranked her in the top half dozen of all first ladies.